The mediating role of grip strength in the association between hemoglobin and depressive symptoms among older adults

PURPOSE: The study aims to investigate the mediating role of grip strength in the association between hemoglobin and depressive symptoms. METHOD: General characteristics, hemoglobin, grip strength and depressive symptoms were extracted in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 database. RESULTS: A total sample of 2228 older participants was included in the study. Hemoglobin, grip strength and depressive symptoms were significantly correlated with each other(P < 0.05). Grip strength fully mediated hemoglobin and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION: Grip strength fully mediates the relationship between hemoglobin levels and depressive symptoms, highlighting the importance of routine assessment of both hemoglobin and muscle strength in older adults. Early interventions, including iron supplementation and physical exercise, may improve physical and mental health. Future longitudinal and intervention studies are necessary to validate these pathways and guide effective prevention strategies.