Research progress on the cellular and molecular mechanism of cardiac aging

With the accelerating global aging population, age-related diseases have become key factors affecting healthy lifespan.The cardiovascular system plays crucial roles in systemic nutrient delivery, metabolic clearance, and inter-organ communication network formation; its functional decline is a central driver of the onset and progression of age-related diseases.This review systematically outlined the senescent characteristics and underlying mechanisms in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, immune cells, and valvular endothelial cells.It proposes intervention strategies based on cellular mechanisms-such as eliminating senescent cells, modulating the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and restoring mitochondrial function-that provide theoretical foundations and therapeutic targets for delaying cardiovascular aging and preventing or treating age-related cardiovascular diseases.