Tree nuts

1. Tree nuts decrease metabolic syndrome score in humans (-67% in females, -42% in males).

   “A main effect of TNsnack (p = 0.04) and an interaction effect between TNsnack and sex (p < 0.001) on total MetSx score yielded 67% reduced MetSx score in TNsnack females and 42% reduced MetSx score in TNsnack males.”

   Human trialBMI 24.5 to 34.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 MetSx clinical risk factor16 weeksn = 84

   Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial

   Nutrients·Dec 9, 2023

More on Metabolic syndrome score

1. Tree nuts decrease triglyceride-to-HDL ratio in humans (~11% reduction, p = 0.04).

   “Main effects of TNsnack on triglycerides and TG/HDL ratio were observed (p = 0.04 for both) with TG/HDL ratio reduced ~11%.”

   Human trialBMI 24.5 to 34.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 MetSx clinical risk factor16 weeksn = 84

   Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial

   Nutrients·Dec 9, 2023

More on triglyceride-to-HDL ratio

1. Tree nuts decrease insulin in humans (-1.14 ± 1.41 mIU/L, p = 0.05).

   “TNsnack decreased blood insulin levels in males (-1.14 ± 1.41 mIU/L, p = 0.05)”

   Human trialBMI 24.5 to 34.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 MetSx clinical risk factor16 weeksmalesn = 84

   Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial

   Nutrients·Dec 9, 2023

More on Insulin

1. Tree nuts decrease waist circumference in humans (-2.20 ± 0.73 cm, p = 0.004).

   “There was a main effect of TNsnack on reducing waist circumference in females (mean difference: -2.20 ± 0.73 cm, p = 0.004)”

   Human trialBMI 24.5 to 34.9 kg/m2 and ≥1 MetSx clinical risk factor16 weeksfemalesn = 84

   Consumption of Tree Nuts as Snacks Reduces Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Young Adults: A Randomized Trial

   Nutrients·Dec 9, 2023

More on Waist circumference

1. Tree nuts have no effect on gut microbiome diversity in humans.

   “Intergroup analysis between MTN and pretzel groups does not identify significant microbial changes as indicated by alpha diversity and beta diversity.”

   Human trialcompared to pretzel group

   Mixed Nuts as Healthy Snacks: Effect on Tryptophan Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

   Nutrients·Jan 21, 2023

1. Tree nuts increase trp-indole metabolism in humans.

   “Changes in Trp-serotonin (week 24) and Trp-indole (week 12) metabolism from baseline were increased in the MTNs group compared to the pretzel group.”

   Human trialcompared to pretzel group12 weeks

   Mixed Nuts as Healthy Snacks: Effect on Tryptophan Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

   Nutrients·Jan 21, 2023

1. Tree nuts increase trp-serotonin metabolism in humans.

   “Changes in Trp-serotonin (week 24) and Trp-indole (week 12) metabolism from baseline were increased in the MTNs group compared to the pretzel group.”

   Human trialcompared to pretzel group24 weeks

   Mixed Nuts as Healthy Snacks: Effect on Tryptophan Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

   Nutrients·Jan 21, 2023

1. Tree nuts decrease tryptophan–kynurenine metabolism in humans.

   “Trp-kynurenine metabolism was reduced only in the MTNs group during weight loss (baseline vs. week 12).”

   Human trialduring weight loss (baseline vs. week 12)12 weeks

   Mixed Nuts as Healthy Snacks: Effect on Tryptophan Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

   Nutrients·Jan 21, 2023

More on Tryptophan–kynurenine metabolism

1. Tree nuts are associated with Paludicola relative abundance in humans (p < 0.001, q = 0.07).

   “Changes in the relative abundance of genus Paludicola during intervention are statistically different between the MTNs and pretzel group with p < 0.001 (q = 0.07).”

   Human trialcompared to pretzel group

   Mixed Nuts as Healthy Snacks: Effect on Tryptophan Metabolism and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

   Nutrients·Jan 21, 2023

More on Paludicola relative abundance