Second-hand smoke

1. Second-hand smoke increases mortality in silico (1.66 million (95% UI 1.33-2.07) deaths).

   In silico

   Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 · The Lancet. Public health · 7 Sep 2026

1. Second-hand smoke raises the risk of lower respiratory infections in silico (5.16 million (95% UI 3.48-7.12) DALYs).

   In silico

   Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 · The Lancet. Public health · 7 Sep 2026

Lower respiratory infections →

1. Second-hand smoke raises the risk of ischaemic heart disease in silico (12.0 million (95% UI 9.31-15.2) DALYs).

   In silico

   Global, regional, and national prevalence of second-hand smoke and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023 · The Lancet. Public health · 7 Sep 2026

Ischaemic heart disease →

1. Second-hand smoke is associated with obesity in humans (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.54–3.02).

   Humanssecond-hand smoke exposuren = 4,066

   Associations of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure with obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea risk in Tuvalu · Journal of global health · 21 Aug 2026

Obesity →

1. Second-hand smoke is associated with FVC in humans.

   Humanscurrent SHS, post-bronchodilatorlungn = 806

   Associations of current and life-course smoking and indoor environmental exposures with lung function level in early adulthood · Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 18 Aug 2026

FVC →