Sargramostim

1 paper3 findings

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

On aging: the drug’s trials ARN judged to be about aging, of every trial that tests it for any use.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

1 lab in 1 country

Funders: National Institute on Aging and 8 more

Human trial1

Outcomes

Astrogliosis

downin rats1

1 study

Sargramostim decreases astrogliosis in rats.
“GM-CSF treatment also reduces neuronal apoptosis and astrogliosis in a rat model of AD.”
Animalsrat model of AD
Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment
Cell reports. Medicine19 Dec 2025

Neuronal apoptosis

downin rats1

1 study

Sargramostim decreases neuronal apoptosis in rats.
“GM-CSF treatment also reduces neuronal apoptosis and astrogliosis in a rat model of AD.”
Animalsrat model of AD
Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment
Cell reports. Medicine19 Dec 2025

UCH-L1

downin humans1

1 study

Sargramostim decreases UCH-L1 in humans.
“Treatment of human AD trial participants with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF/sargramostim) apparently halts neuronal cell death: UCH-L1 biomarker concentrations are reduced to those of 5-year-old healthy controls.”
Human trialin human AD trial participants
Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment
Cell reports. Medicine19 Dec 2025

Funding

1 grant since 2023

National Institute on AgingUS$2.6m

Phase II trial of GM-CSF/sargramostim in Alzheimer's Disease
National Institute on AgingUniversity of Colorado, DenverUS$2.6m2021–2026

Latest

1 in 12 months

Cell Reports Medicine21 Dec

Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment

Non-randomised trial in peopleAlzheimer's disease

Paper

Sargramostim

Outcomes

Funding

Latest

Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment

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