Oral incretin-based therapies

2 papers5 findings

Outcomes

Mortality

no changein humans2RR 0.97–0.99

2 studies

Oral incretin-based therapies have no effect on mortality in humans (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.04, p = 0.35).
“There was no significant reduction in all-cause mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI 0.90-1.04, p = 0.35)”
Reviewtype 2 diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular outcomes of oral incretin-based drugs in type 2 diabetes: a GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of 67,679 patients
Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine29 Sep 2026
Oral incretin-based therapies have no effect on mortality in humans (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.70–1.38).
“hospitalization for heart failure (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.70–1.38), and all-cause mortality (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.70–1.38)”
Reviewtype 2 diabetesn = 62,821
Cardiovascular Outcomes of Oral Incretin-Based Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 62,821 Patients
AHA Scientific Sessions 2025 abstract3 Nov 2025

Cardiovascular death

no changein humans1RR 0.98

1 study

Oral incretin-based therapies have no effect on cardiovascular death in humans (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.05, p = 0.48).
“or cardiovascular death (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.91-1.05, p = 0.48).”
Reviewtype 2 diabetes mellitus
Cardiovascular outcomes of oral incretin-based drugs in type 2 diabetes: a GRADE-assessed meta-analysis of 67,679 patients
Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine29 Sep 2026

Major adverse cardiovascular events

no changein humans1RR 0.95

1 study

Oral incretin-based therapies have no effect on major adverse cardiovascular events in humans (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.87–1.03).
“no statistically significant difference between oral incretin therapies and control in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.87–1.03)”
Reviewtype 2 diabetesn = 62,821
Cardiovascular Outcomes of Oral Incretin-Based Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 62,821 Patients
AHA Scientific Sessions 2025 abstract3 Nov 2025

Non-fatal stroke

downin humans1RR 0.88

1 study

Oral incretin-based therapies lower the risk of non-fatal stroke in humans (RR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.99).
“oral incretin therapies were associated with a modest but statistically significant reduction in the risk of non-fatal stroke (RR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79–0.99)”
Reviewtype 2 diabetesn = 62,821
Cardiovascular Outcomes of Oral Incretin-Based Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 62,821 Patients
AHA Scientific Sessions 2025 abstract3 Nov 2025