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Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir

Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir has been studied in 6 papers since 2024: 4 observational studies in people, 1 in animals, 1 review; 2 in the past year. The newest story, Oct 30, 2026: “Two parasite-fighting drugs linked to lower risk of death”.

Intervention

6 papers study it1 more mentions it8 findingsUpdated

PubChemPubChemChEBIChEBI

1 new paper in 30 daysSee all 7

“Two years post infection, cumulative DM incidence was 2.1% with Paxlovid vs 3.1% without, an absolute difference of -1.0% (95% CI, -1.25 to -0.73).”
Paxlovid Use for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Two-Year Risk of Diabetes: The COVID-19 and Diabetes Assessment (CODA) StudyADA Scientific Sessions 2026 abstract2026doi:10.2337/db26-1163-or

None of its findings points the other way.

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

  • 4 independent labs in 3 countries
  • Funders: National Institutes of Health and 3 more
  • Humans4
  • Animals1

What did studies of Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir find?

3

Studies of Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir measured 3 outcomes; the most studied are survival (1 study), respiratory sequelae (1) and mortality (1).

Survival

upin P. roborovskii1

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir improves survival in P. roborovskii (SARS-CoV-2 infection).

    “Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir fully suppressed transient respiratory distress and mediated complete survival of aged animals.”

    AnimalsSARS-CoV-2 infectionlung

    SARS-CoV-2 causes chronic lung inflammation and impaired respiratory capacity in aged Roborovski dwarf hamsters

    Journal of virology

Respiratory sequelae

downin P. roborovskii1

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir prevents respiratory sequelae in P. roborovskii (acute SARS-CoV-2 infection).

    “Treatment of acute disease with approved antivirals, paxlovid-like nirmatrelvir + ritonavir or molnupiravir, prevented long-term respiratory sequelae in aged animals.”

    Animalsacute SARS-CoV-2 infectionlung

    SARS-CoV-2 causes chronic lung inflammation and impaired respiratory capacity in aged Roborovski dwarf hamsters

    Journal of virology

Mortality

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir decreases mortality in humans (acute COVID-19).

    “nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was effective in reducing hospitalizations and death.”

    Reviewacute COVID-19

    Top 20 Research Studies of 2023 for Primary Care Physicians

    American family physician

What is Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir linked with?

5

Studies link Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir with 5 measures, most often incidence of multiple age-related conditions (1 study), mortality (1) and diabetes mellitus (1).

Incidence of multiple age-related conditions

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir is associated with incidence of multiple age-related conditions in humans.

    “lower incidence of multiple age-related conditions, including dementia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and selected malignancies.”

    Humans

    Two parasite-fighting drugs linked to lower risk of death

    Frontiers in pharmacology

Mortality

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir is associated with mortality in humans.

    “were associated with consistent reductions in all-cause mortality across cohorts”

    Humans

    Two parasite-fighting drugs linked to lower risk of death

    Frontiers in pharmacology

Diabetes mellitus

downin humans1

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir is linked with a lower risk of diabetes mellitus in humans (SARS-CoV-2 infection) (absolute difference of -1.0% (95% CI, -1.25 to -0.73)).

    “Two years post infection, cumulative DM incidence was 2.1% with Paxlovid vs 3.1% without, an absolute difference of -1.0% (95% CI, -1.25 to -0.73).”

    HumansSARS-CoV-2 infection2 yearsn = 131,615

    Paxlovid Use for SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Two-Year Risk of Diabetes: The COVID-19 and Diabetes Assessment (CODA) Study

    ADA Scientific Sessions 2026 abstract

More on Diabetes mellitus

Survival

upin humans1

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir is associated with survival in humans (multimorbid individuals with COVID-19).

    “These findings were externally validated in the US TriNetX network, where the same patterns were observed for atovaquone-proguanil, mefloquine, and nirmatrelvir-ritonavir.”

    Humansmultimorbid individuals with COVID-19

    Antiprotozoal medications associated with increased longevity and reduced morbidity in two national cohorts

    medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciencesPreprint

Potentially inappropriate medication use

upin humans1OR 3.67

1 study

  1. Nirmatrelvir + ritonavir is associated with potentially inappropriate medication use in older COVID-19 inpatients (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.48-9.10, p = 0.005).

    “given NMV/r (OR: 3.67 [95% CI: 1.48-9.10], p = 0.005) were influencing factors associated with PIM use”

    Humansin older COVID-19 inpatientsn = 617

    Polypharmacy or potentially inappropriate medications among older adults with COVID-19 in a secondary hospital in China and their association with mortality

    Scientific reports

Latest

Dec 2025: 0Jan 2026: 0Feb 2026: 0Mar 2026: 0Apr 2026: 0May 2026: 0Jun 2026: 1Jul 2026: 0Aug 2026: 0Sep 2026: 0Oct 2026: 1Nov 2026: 02 papers in 12 months
Frontiers in Pharmacology

Two parasite-fighting drugs linked to lower risk of death

An observational cohort compared 3,876 people exposed to two parasite-fighting drugs with 77,520 matched controls, finding links to lower mortality and fewer age-related…An observational cohort compared 3,876 people exposed to two parasite-fighting drugs with 77,520 matched controls, finding links to lower mortality and fewer age-related conditions.

Cohort · 3,876 peoplePopulations
Paper

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