Nano-polystyrene + perfluorononanoic acid

Nano-polystyrene + perfluorononanoic acid impairs cognitive function in mice (APP/PS1 mice).

“Finally, in APP/PS1 mice, co-exposure aggravated cognitive impairment, neuronal loss, Aβ deposition and lysosomal-autophagic dysfunction.”

AnimalsAPP/PS1 mice

Combined pollutant exposure shortened lifespan in worms

Journal of hazardous materials advances·Nov 1, 2026

Nano-polystyrene + perfluorononanoic acid impairs lysosomal acidification in mouse cells.

“In mouse microglial BV2 cells, co-exposure enhanced cytotoxicity, impaired lysosomal acidification and autophagic flux”

CellsBV2

Combined pollutant exposure shortened lifespan in worms

Journal of hazardous materials advances·Nov 1, 2026

Nano-polystyrene + perfluorononanoic acid increases protein aggregation in worms (Engineered worms expressing Aβ or polyQ).

“co-exposure, rather than nano-polystyrene (PS) alone or PFNA alone, accelerated protein aggregation”

Model organismsEngineered worms expressing Aβ or polyQ

Combined pollutant exposure shortened lifespan in worms

Journal of hazardous materials advances·Nov 1, 2026

Nano-polystyrene + perfluorononanoic acid increases paralysis in worms (Engineered worms expressing Aβ or polyQ).

“co-exposure, rather than nano-polystyrene (PS) alone or PFNA alone, accelerated protein aggregation and paralysis”

Model organismsEngineered worms expressing Aβ or polyQ

Combined pollutant exposure shortened lifespan in worms

Journal of hazardous materials advances·Nov 1, 2026

Nano-polystyrene + perfluorononanoic acid shortens lifespan in worms (Engineered worms expressing Aβ or polyQ).

“co-exposure, rather than nano-polystyrene (PS) alone or PFNA alone, accelerated protein aggregation and paralysis, shortened lifespan and healthspan”

Model organismsEngineered worms expressing Aβ or polyQ

Combined pollutant exposure shortened lifespan in worms

Journal of hazardous materials advances·Nov 1, 2026