Football

1. Football has no effect on preferential CA2 phosphorylated tau in humans.

   “There was not a significant association between football participation and preferential CA2 p-tau.”

   Humanspostmortem cohorthippocampus CA2malesn = 174

   Postmortem tau in the CA2 region of the hippocampus in older adult men who participated in youth amateur American-style football

   Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·26 Jun 2025

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1. Football has no effect on physical Component Summary score in humans (none: 51.2±11.1; individual sports: 51.9±8.9; football: 52.1±5.6).

   “After adjustment for covariates, PCS scores revealed no differences among groups”

   Humansmales

   Participation in football and health-related quality of life among middle-aged and older men

   BMJ open sport & exercise medicine·1 Apr 2025

1. Football is associated with aging-related tau astrogliopathy in humans (20.8% vs 10.2%, P = .061).

   “Those who participated in football had a higher percentage with subpial ARTAG than those who did not participate in football (20.8% vs 10.2%), although this difference was not statistically significant (P =.061).”

   Humanshistory of playing high school American-style football vs no contact/collision sportsbrainmalesn = 176

   Cortical subpial aging-related tau astrogliopathy in older adult men who participated in youth amateur American-style football

   Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology·20 May 2026

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