Lead + cadmium

Intervention1 paper1 findingPubChem 5352425PubChem 23973ChEBI 25016ChEBI 22977

Humans1

Outcomes

1

IL-1β

upin human cells1Low certainty

1 study

Lead + cadmium increases IL-1β in human cells.
Cellsin HEK293T cells
Multi-level evidence for Pb-Cd co-exposure nephrotoxicity: An integrated analysis of NHANES, outcome-oriented network toxicology, and cell-based validation · Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 5 Sep 2026

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