SRF

1. SRF increases 4-hydroxynonenal in mice.

   “lower 4-HNE levels (p < 0.01)”

   Animalsshown by antisense transgenic reductionheart

   Biology of Aging I Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated SRF Reduction Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Aging · GSA 2025 abstract · 31 Dec 2025

4-hydroxynonenal →

1. SRF increases oxidative stress and ROS signalling in mice.

   “SRF reduction also reduced oxidative stress, indicated by lower 4-HNE levels (p < 0.01) and increased MnSOD expression.”

   Animalsshown by antisense transgenic reductionheart

   Biology of Aging I Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated SRF Reduction Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Aging · GSA 2025 abstract · 31 Dec 2025

Oxidative stress and ROS signalling →

1. SRF decreases oxidative phosphorylation in mice.

   “High-resolution respiratory functional analysis by Oroboros O2K revealed increased activity of mitochondrial complexes I-IV (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001).”

   Animalsshown by antisense transgenic reductionheart

   Biology of Aging I Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated SRF Reduction Ameliorates Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiac Aging · GSA 2025 abstract · 31 Dec 2025

Oxidative phosphorylation →