Dickkopf-related protein 1

1. Dickkopf-related protein 1 is associated with osteoporosis in humans (OR 1.195, 95% CI 1.043–1.368; nominal p = 0.010).

   “elevated Dickkopf-related protein 1 (odds ratio = 1.195, 95% confidence interval: 1.043 to 1.368, p = 0.010) with a higher risk of osteoporosis”

   HumansEuropean population; inverse-variance weighted association did not survive Bonferroni correction, but weighted median and mode sensitivity analyses had p < 0.00625

   Causal relationship between aging-related biomarkers and osteoporosis: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study

   The Journal of international medical research·30 Jul 2026

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