Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage

1. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage is associated with incident cardiovascular disease in humans (Stage 1 versus Stage 0) (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.85).

   “Higher CKM stage was associated with greater CVD risk: Stage 1 vs 0 (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.08–1.85)”

   HumansStage 1 versus Stage 010 years54% womensn = 23,443

   Sex differences in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) staging and long-term cardiovascular risk

   ESC Congress 2026 abstract·Oct 26, 2026

More on Incident cardiovascular disease

1. Female sex is associated with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage in humans (Women compared with men) (Stage 0: 17% vs. 8%; Stage 1: 23% vs. 19% in women versus men).

   “Women were more likely to have earlier stages compared to men (Stage 0: 17% vs. 8%; Stage 1: 23% vs. 19%)”

   HumansWomen compared with men54% womensn = 23,443

   Sex differences in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) staging and long-term cardiovascular risk

   ESC Congress 2026 abstract·Oct 26, 2026

1. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage predicts cardiovascular disease risk in humans (CVD-free).

   “Higher CKM stage generally predicted higher CVD risks.”

   HumansCVD-freen = 12,349

   Long-term cardiovascular risk with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome in U.S adults

   American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice·Jul 14, 2026

1. Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage is associated with mortality in humans (Higher cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages; stage 0 reference).

   “The risk of all-cause mortality increased progressively with higher CKM syndrome stages (P < 0.001).”

   HumansHigher cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages; stage 0 referenceMedian follow-up 7.25 years

   Association between cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stages and risk of all-cause mortality in U.S. adults: a cross-sectional survey based on NHANES

   BMC cardiovascular disorders·Mar 4, 2026