Effectiveness of Resistance Training in People With Down Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of resistance training (RT) in people with Down syndrome (DS) as a way of improving strength, physical and metabolic function, and possible adverse effects. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs in PubMed, PEDro, Scopus, and WoS databases in September-2023, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022312810). Methodological quality and risk of bias were analysed using the PEDro scale, the Downs & Black Checklist, and the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. RESULTS: Sixteen articles were included. RT increased the strength (SMD = 1.88; 95% CI = (1.26; 2.51); I² = 72%) and improved physical function (SMD = -0.58; 95% CI = (-1.06; -0.11); I² = 13%), but there were no clear results on whether it improved anthropometric and cardiorespiratory measures. There were no serious adverse effects. CONCLUSION: An increase in overall and maximal muscle strength and improved physical function was produced by RT in DS people. RT is a safe technique as serious adverse effects were not produced.