Antiaging agents: pharmacological therapy targeted at preserving skeletal muscle size and function in aging adults

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Aging population rates are significantly increasing and improved quality of life during aging is a top priority. The decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength is a major concern with aging, as it impairs the ability to perform activities of daily living and significantly diminishes quality of life. Effective strategies to counteract this decline are necessary for supporting longevity and enhancing quality of life in older adults. RECENT FINDINGS: In addition to exercise and nutritional interventions, pharmaceutical compounds are routinely explored as a means of maintaining muscle size, strength and function during the aging process. The addition of exercise would offer greater effects, although combined evidence is lacking. In this review, we highlight several pharmacological compounds, including anabolic agents, caloric restriction mimetics, metformin, and rapamycin, targeted at skeletal muscle that may enhance the effect of exercise. These trials have demonstrated muscle retention and growth, as well as improved strength and functional outcomes. SUMMARY: Pharmacological therapy shows promise to improve skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults. The addition of exercise with these compounds would be expected to further enhance skeletal muscle adaptations and quality of life, especially in sarcopenic adults.