Effectiveness of Four Square Step Exercise in Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Declines in physical and cellular abilities and cognitive function in older adults (lansia) often contribute to the high prevalence of fall risk, making appropriate physiotherapy interventions such as Four Square Step Exercise (FSSE) necessary to restore their attention and short-term memory. This experimental study aimed to evaluate the effect of FSSE on improving cognitive function in older adults in Banjar Umahanyar, Abiansemal, Badung, using the One Group Pre and Post Test Design method. The results of the analysis using the paired sample t-test showed a highly significant difference in cognitive scores (p<0.01) between before and after the intervention, with an effectiveness value of 19.76%. Thus, it can be concluded that the implementation of Four Square Step Exercise is proven effective in improving cognitive function in older adults, implying that this exercise is highly recommended as a routine program for the older adult population to maintain cognitive performance and minimize fall risk.