Role of Nanotechnology in Cardiovascular System

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide because adult cardiomyocytes have a limited capacity to recover following ischemic injury. Unfavorable ventricular remodeling, long-term myocardial injury, and progressive loss of cardiac function are associated with heart failure and myocardial infarction. Although current pharmacological and interventional therapies reduce acute mortality, they are often limited by systemic toxicity, inadequate targeting, and poor retention at the disease site. By facilitating tailored drug delivery, prolonged release, better biodistribution, and increased therapeutic effectiveness, nanotechnology has emerged as a viable approach to get around these restrictions. In addition to helping with enhanced diagnostics and cardiac regeneration, designed nanocarriers such nanoparticles, nanogels, and bioengineered nanopatches have shown promise in the treatment of atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. The mechanisms of action of nanotechnology-based therapeutic and diagnostic techniques for cardiovascular illnesses are highlighted in this study, along with their existing obstacles and potential for clinical translation.