Everyday Technology on Cognitive Trajectories of Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies (Preprint)

BACKGROUND The rising incidence and costs of dementia necessitate effective management strategies for older adults. Everyday technology (ET), such as smartphones, the internet, and social media, offers a promising but underexplored approach to maintaining cognitive health. The present systematic review synthesizes findings from longitudinal studies on the relationship between ET use and cognitive trajectories in older adults. OBJECTIVE This study aims to examine (1) the questions and measurements used to assess everyday technology use, (2) the cognitive measures employed to evaluate different cognitive domains, and (3) the associations between everyday technology use and cognitive trajectories. METHODS A comprehensive search across five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and Cochrane) identified longitudinal studies published between 2014 and 2024. Eligible studies focused on older adults and examined the effects of everyday technology activities on cognitive function. RESULTS Fifteen longitudinal studies were reviewed. Consistent evidence showed that more diverse and frequent use of everyday technology—especially for social, informational, and instrumental purposes—was linked to better cognitive performance and slower cognitive decline. Asymmetric effects highlighted the effects of onset and cessation of technology use on cognitive health. CONCLUSIONS Everyday technology use is positively associated with cognitive health in older adults. Promoting digital literacy and sustained engagement with technology may help mitigate cognitive decline. Future research should explore specific cognitive domains influenced by different types of technology use.