SB4

1. SB4 has no effect on macroscopic pregnancy outcomes in mice.

   “In naturally aged AMA mice, sb4 treatment mitigated molecular senescence markers but did not significantly improve macroscopic pregnancy outcomes.”

   Animalsadvanced maternal age pregnancyfemales

   Aberrant expression of Gremlin1 induces trophoblast senescence in the placenta of advanced maternal age pregnancy

   Journal of translational medicine·27 May 2026

1. SB4 decreases molecular senescence markers in mice.

   “In naturally aged AMA mice, sb4 treatment mitigated molecular senescence markers but did not significantly improve macroscopic pregnancy outcomes.”

   Animalsadvanced maternal age pregnancyplacentafemales

   Aberrant expression of Gremlin1 induces trophoblast senescence in the placenta of advanced maternal age pregnancy

   Journal of translational medicine·27 May 2026

More on Molecular senescence markers

1. SB4 decreases cellular senescence in human cells.

   “Both BMP4 and sb4 partially rescued senescence phenotypes in vitro.”

   CellsGREM1-induced senescenceHTR-8/SVneo trophoblast

   Aberrant expression of Gremlin1 induces trophoblast senescence in the placenta of advanced maternal age pregnancy

   Journal of translational medicine·27 May 2026

More on Cellular senescence