Pathogen exposure

1. Pathogen exposure increases transcriptional activity in mice.

   “Our data show enhanced transcriptional activation in sequentially infected aged mice, with changes in some CD8 T cell subsets.”

   Animalsperipheral bloodfemales

   Sequential Early-Life Infections Alter Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics in Aging Female Mice but Not the Response to De Novo Infection with Influenza Virus or M. tuberculosis

   ImmunoHorizons·Aug 1, 2023

More on Transcriptional activity

1. Pathogen exposure improves survival in mice (80% versus 20%).

   “25-mo-old female mice were challenged with influenza virus revealed a significantly higher survival rate for sequentially infected (80%) versus mock-infected (20%) mice.”

   Animalsinfluenza virus challengefemales

   Sequential Early-Life Infections Alter Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics in Aging Female Mice but Not the Response to De Novo Infection with Influenza Virus or M. tuberculosis

   ImmunoHorizons·Aug 1, 2023

1. Pathogen exposure has no effect on immune response to de novo infection in mice.

   “However, there was no measurable difference in the response of mock-infected and sequentially infected aged mice to de novo infection with either influenza virus or M. tuberculosis at 18-21 mo.”

   Animalsfemales

   Sequential Early-Life Infections Alter Peripheral Blood Transcriptomics in Aging Female Mice but Not the Response to De Novo Infection with Influenza Virus or M. tuberculosis

   ImmunoHorizons·Aug 1, 2023

1. Pathogen exposure is associated with chromosomal amplifications in humans (occurred at 30 years old on average).

   “In tumors from patients exposed to O. viverrini we find that the earliest chromosomal amplifications carrying driver genes occurred at 30 years old on average”

   Humanstumors from patients exposed to O. viverrini

   Natural history of a parasite–induced biliary cancer

   medRxiv·Sep 23, 2024Preprint

More on Chromosomal amplifications

1. Pathogen exposure raises the risk of cholangiocarcinoma in humans (14-fold higher (4.9%, 90% CrI 4.7–5.0%)).

   “The lifetime probability of diagnosis with cholangiocarcinoma is 4.9% (90% CrI 4.7–5.0%) given prior exposure to O. viverrini , which is fourteen-fold higher than in populations non-endemic for the parasite.”

   Humansprior exposure to O. viverrini

   Natural history of a parasite–induced biliary cancer

   medRxiv·Sep 23, 2024Preprint

More on Cholangiocarcinoma