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No-smoking

Exposure

1 paper1 finding

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

  • 1 lab in 1 country
  • Humans1

Associations

1

Parkinson's disease

downin humans1−18% lower risk

1 study

  1. No-smoking lowers the risk of Parkinson's disease in humans (17.9% lower risk).

    “no-smoking had a 17.9% lower risk of developing PD compared to smoking”

    Humansn = 30,347

    The association between the incident risk of Parkinson's disease and depression in middle-aged and older adults, and the moderating role of lifestyle: evidence from the CHARLS

    Frontiers in psychology18 Jun 2025

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