Choline
Intervention2 papers7 findingsPubChem 305ChEBI 15354
One human study links choline to lower Alzheimer's disease and cognitive impairment risks but reports no effect on dementia. A human trial in asymptomatic APOE ε4 carriers reports increased choline and betaine and decreased NfL with oral choline at 2200 mg/day for six months.
- Human trial1
Outcomes
4Betaine
upin humans1Very low certainty
1 study
Betaine
upin humans1Very low certainty
Choline increases betaine in humans.
Human trialasymptomatic APOE ε4 carriersoral2200 mg/day6 monthsn = 13
Effect of choline supplementation in presymptomatic APOE ε4 carriers: a pilot study · Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 14 Sep 2026
Choline
upin humans1Very low certainty
1 study
Choline
upin humans1Very low certainty
Choline increases choline in humans.
Human trialasymptomatic APOE ε4 carriersoral2200 mg/day6 monthsn = 13
Effect of choline supplementation in presymptomatic APOE ε4 carriers: a pilot study · Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 14 Sep 2026
NfL
downin humans1Very low certainty
1 study
NfL
downin humans1Very low certainty
Choline decreases NfL in humans.
Human trialasymptomatic APOE ε4 carriersoral2200 mg/day6 monthsn = 13
Effect of choline supplementation in presymptomatic APOE ε4 carriers: a pilot study · Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 14 Sep 2026
Dementia
no changein humans1Moderate certainty
1 study
Dementia
no changein humans1Moderate certainty
Choline has no effect on dementia in humans.
Humans
Association of dietary choline intake with cognitive decline and related outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies · Food & function · 14 Sep 2026
Associations
3Alzheimer's disease
downin humans1OR 0.74Moderate certainty
1 study
Alzheimer's disease
downin humans1OR 0.74Moderate certainty
Choline lowers the risk of Alzheimer's disease in humans (pooled OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.55-0.99).
Humans
Association of dietary choline intake with cognitive decline and related outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies · Food & function · 14 Sep 2026
Cognitive impairment/decline
downin humans1OR 0.67Moderate certainty
1 study
Cognitive impairment/decline
downin humans1OR 0.67Moderate certainty
Choline lowers the risk of cognitive impairment/decline in humans (pooled OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.47-0.95).
Humansapproximately 350-400 mg day−1
Association of dietary choline intake with cognitive decline and related outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies · Food & function · 14 Sep 2026
Adverse cognitive outcomes
downin humans1OR 0.76Moderate certainty
1 study
Adverse cognitive outcomes
downin humans1OR 0.76Moderate certainty
Choline lowers the risk of adverse cognitive outcomes in humans (pooled OR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.63-0.92).
Humansapproximately 350-400 mg day−1
Association of dietary choline intake with cognitive decline and related outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies · Food & function · 14 Sep 2026
Funding
National Institute on AgingUS$484.6k1 grant since 2026
Latest
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