Premenopausal depression

1. Premenopausal depression is associated with cardiovascular disease in humans (4.0% vs. 3.3%; RR 1.23 (95% CI 1.17–1.29); absolute risk difference 0.7% (95% CI 0.6%–0.9%)).

   “Women with premenopausal depression had a higher incidence of postmenopausal CVD than those without depression (4.0% vs. 3.3%; RR,1.23; 95% CI, 1.17-1.29; p<.001)”

   HumansPostmenopausal women; premenopausal depression versus matched women without premenopausal depressionMaximum follow-up 20 yearsfemalesn = 88,884

   Premenopausal Depression and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease After Menopause: A Large Real-world Cohort Study

   Cardiology·15 Oct 2026

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