Intracranial bleeding

1. Direct oral anticoagulants were not clearly linked with intracranial bleeding in humans (HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.19-2.50; no increased risk detected).

   “DOAC use was not associated with increased intracranial bleeding risk”

   HumansAtrial fibrillation and previous intracranial bleeding; compared with no oral anticoagulation

   Blood thinners linked to lower stroke risk after brain bleeding

   Neurology·Oct 21, 2026

2. Direct oral anticoagulants decrease intracranial bleeding in humans (atrial fibrillation; compared with vitamin K antagonists).

   “Direct oral anticoagulants are preferred over vitamin K antagonists for many patients with AF because they provide similar stroke protection with less intracranial bleeding”

   Reviewatrial fibrillation; compared with vitamin K antagonists

   Antithrombotic therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: unresolved issues and future directions

   Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH·Feb 3, 2026

More on Direct oral anticoagulants

1. Lipoprotein was not clearly linked with intracranial bleeding in humans (baseline lipoprotein(a) quartiles in patients with recent acute coronary syndromes) (55 intracranial bleeding events; P for trend=0.67).

   “There was also no relation between 55 intracranial bleedings and Lp(a) quartiles (Ptrend 0.67)”

   Humansbaseline lipoprotein(a) quartiles in patients with recent acute coronary syndromesmedian 2.8 years

   Association of lipoprotein(a) levels with risk of serious bleeding : findings from the ODYSSEY OUTCOMES trial

   ESC Congress 2026 abstract·Oct 26, 2026

More on Lipoprotein

1. Aspirin raises the risk of intracranial bleeding in humans (healthy older adults free of symptomatic cardiovascular disease) (1.1% vs 0.8%, HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.03-1.84).

   “a statistically significant increase in intracranial bleeding was observed among individuals assigned to aspirin (108 individuals [1.1%]) compared with those receiving placebo (79 individuals [0.8%]; HR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.84).”

   Human trialhealthy older adults free of symptomatic cardiovascular diseaseenteric-coated100 mgmedian 4.7 yearsn = 19,114

   Low-Dose Aspirin and the Risk of Stroke and Intracerebral Bleeding in Healthy Older People: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial

   JAMA network open·Jul 3, 2023

2. Aspirin raises the risk of intracranial bleeding in humans (healthy).

   “increased intracranial bleeding”

   Reviewhealthy

   In healthy older adults, low-dose aspirin did not differ from placebo for ischemic stroke but increased intracranial bleeding

   Annals of internal medicine·Nov 6, 2023

More on Aspirin

1. Warfarin is associated with intracranial bleeding in humans (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.01-3.41).

   “but increased intracranial bleeding risk (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.01-3.41)”

   HumansAtrial fibrillation and previous intracranial bleeding; compared with no oral anticoagulation

   Blood thinners linked to lower stroke risk after brain bleeding

   Neurology·Oct 21, 2026

More on Warfarin

1. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants are linked with a lower risk of intracranial bleeding in patients with AF and frailty compared with VKAs (aHR 0.78, 95% CI (0.66-0.91)).

   “and intracranial bleeding [aHR 0.78, 95%CI (0.66-0.91)]”

   Humansin patients with AF and frailty compared with VKAsn = 71,638

   Impact of frailty on the effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nationwide cohort study

   European heart journal. Quality of care & clinical outcomes·Mar 21, 2023

More on Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants

1. Age is linked with a higher risk of intracranial bleeding in humans (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10-2.02).

   “A 10 year increase in age was associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.15-1.57]), intracranial bleeding (HR 1.49, 95% CI [1.10-2.02])”

   Humansn = 562

   How does age affect outcomes after left ventricular assist device implantation: results from the PCHF-VAD registry

   ESC heart failure·Dec 2, 2022

More on Age

1. Direct oral anticoagulants lower the risk of intracranial bleeding in humans (nonvalvular atrial fibrillation) (43% reduction; RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.36-0.60).

   “a 43% reduction of intracranial bleeding (RR: 0.47, IC 95% 0.36-0.60; p < 0.001) was observed.”

   Reviewnonvalvular atrial fibrillationn = 147,067

   Direct Oral Anticoagulants versus Warfarin in Octogenarians with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

   Journal of clinical medicine·Nov 12, 2021

More on Direct oral anticoagulants