Conversion to Alzheimer's disease

1. Conversion to Alzheimer's disease is linked with lower IBRAIN score in humans (longitudinal follow-up of individuals converting to AD) (beta = -0.70).

   “the IBRAIN shows comparable sensitivity (beta = -0.70, p < 1 × 10−16) in capturing longitudinal changes in individuals with conversion to AD”

   Humanslongitudinal follow-up of individuals converting to ADbrain

   A neuroimaging biomarker for Individual Brain-Related Abnormalities In Neurodegeneration (IBRAIN): a cross-sectional study

   EClinicalMedicine·Oct 26, 2023

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1. Predicted age difference predicts conversion to Alzheimer's disease in humans across the AD continuum (AUC = 0.95).

   “Integrating PAD features can improve predictive accuracy of MCI-to-AD conversion (AUC = 0.95).”

   Humansacross the AD continuumup to 6 years

   Functional system-specific brain aging across the Alzheimer's disease continuum

   Translational psychiatry·May 13, 2026

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1. Physical inactivity is associated with conversion to Alzheimer's disease in humans (Korean patients with mild cognitive impairment) (HR 1.193, 95% CI 1.161–1.227).

   “Depression (HR 1.736, 95% CI 1.700-1.773) and physical inactivity (HR 1.193, 95% CI 1.161-1.227) were related to the increased risk.”

   HumansKorean patients with mild cognitive impairment

   Twelve-year nationwide cohort study identifying risk factors for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease

   Scientific reports·Oct 10, 2025

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1. Depression is associated with conversion to Alzheimer's disease in humans (Korean patients with mild cognitive impairment) (HR 1.736, 95% CI 1.700–1.773).

   “Depression (HR 1.736, 95% CI 1.700-1.773) and physical inactivity (HR 1.193, 95% CI 1.161-1.227) were related to the increased risk.”

   HumansKorean patients with mild cognitive impairment

   Twelve-year nationwide cohort study identifying risk factors for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease

   Scientific reports·Oct 10, 2025

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1. Underweight is associated with conversion to Alzheimer's disease in humans (Korean patients with mild cognitive impairment) (HR 1.279, 95% CI 1.223–1.338).

   “Being underweight (hazard ratio [HR] 1.279, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.223-1.338) was associated with a higher risk of DAT conversion.”

   HumansKorean patients with mild cognitive impairment

   Twelve-year nationwide cohort study identifying risk factors for conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease

   Scientific reports·Oct 10, 2025

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1. BrainAGE predicts conversion to Alzheimer's disease in humans.

   “Prediction of conversion was most accurate using the BrainAGE score as compared to neuropsychological test scores, even when the patient's APOE status was unknown.”

   Humansmild cognitive impairment; compared with neuropsychological test scores, including when APOE status was unknown

   The Effect of the APOE Genotype on Individual BrainAGE in Normal Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer's Disease

   PloS one·Jul 13, 2016

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