A clinical pathway for exercise prescription in populations with sarcopenia-osteoporosis based on primary healthcare institutions

Exercise intervention is a critical non-pharmacological strategy for the prevention and management of sarcopenia and osteoporosis. Nevertheless, practical challenges still exist in the standardized implementation and promotion of exercise prescriptions in primary healthcare settings in China. Integrating domestic and international evidence-based research and relevant guidelines, and considering the context of primary care services in China, this study developed a clinical pathway for exercise prescription targeting individuals with sarcopenia and/or osteoporosis for primary care settings. Delphi expert consensus method was used, and experts of chronic disease management, sports medicine, rehabilitation medicine, and public health were invited to participate in this study. Through two rounds of consultation, the scientific validity and operational feasibility of the pathway content were evaluated and refined, and finally the clinical pathway was developed. The key components of the pathway include screening of the target population, prescription grading and formulation, implementation and adjustment of the exercise prescription, as well as self-management and follow-up. It provides a structured reference framework for the standardized delivery of exercise interventions in primary healthcare settings.