Daily life experiences of cognitive changes in community-dwelling older adults with subjective cognitive decline: A qualitative study

BackgroundSubjective cognitive decline (SCD), defined as self-perceived cognitive worsening despite normal performance on standardized tests, is increasingly recognized as a potential early indicator of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Older adults with SCD face elevated dementia risk and may benefit from timely intervention or support. To guide such efforts, qualitative research is needed to understand how they experience and perceive cognitive changes in daily life.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the daily life experiences of community-dwelling older adults with SCD, including how they respond to self-perceived cognitive changes, the impact on daily functioning and well-being, and their perceived factors associated with cognitive performance.MethodsUsing a qualitative descriptive approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 16 older adults who reported cognitive decline but showed no objective cognitive impairment. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify key themes related to lived cognitive experiences.ResultsFour major themes emerged: (1) cognitive changes manifesting in everyday tasks across domains such as memory, attention, and executive function; (2) active use of intentional internal and external strategies to manage these changes; (3) varied emotional responses and appraisals shaped by personal expectations and contextual factors; and (4) perceived risk (e.g., aging, stress, poor sleep) and protective factors (e.g., mental stimulation, social engagement) for cognitive function.ConclusionsParticipants with SCD reported cognitive changes that have influenced their daily activities, emotional well-being, and social interactions. Future research may consider person-centered strategies that support cognitive self-management and improve well-being among older adults with SCD.