Intersection challenges for older drivers: The impact of aging on visual cognition and driving efficiency at crossroads

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of aging on drivers' visual cognition and driving performance under different conditions, and to explore the associations between visual cognition and driving performance in older drivers. METHODS: A driving simulator experiment was conducted, featuring critical scenarios with varying driving tasks and traffic complexities. Different scenarios with diverse levels of traffic complexity and driving tasks were set up. Participants from two age groups were invited: 15 individuals aged 24-47 and 15 individuals over 60. Experimental data on driving behavior and visual characteristics were collected. Based on visual features, a "Perception and Cognition" evaluation system was established, and a "Vehicle Operation" evaluation system was constructed using driving behavior data. By integrating these two dimensions, the correlation between visual cognition and driving performance in older drivers was thoroughly discussed. RESULTS: Complex traffic flow did not significantly affect cognitive load and driving performance, possibly due to drivers waiting for oncoming traffic. Left-turning drivers exhibited lower speeds, longer times, higher speed variability, and greater acceleration. Age significantly impacted visual perception and driving performance, with older drivers finding information processing more challenging but using compensatory measures like slower intersection approach speeds. However, older drivers were weaker in speed control. CONCLUSION: The result shows a clear link between visual cognition and driving performance. It is possible to consider how to utilize these psychological abilities to identify and potentially help drivers improve driving safety.