Age, Education and Depression Among Older Adults: The Mediating Role of Physical Activity

OBJECTIVES: Past geriatric studies related to the mediating role of physical activity in depression are scarce. This is perhaps the first study to examine the mediating effects of physical activity on the associations between depression and age, and education among older adults. METHODS: Statistical analyses of cross-sectional data from a nationally representative survey on Malaysian older adult health were conducted. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the extent to which physical activity mediated the relationships between depression and age, and education. Associations between variables were explored using multivariable logistic regressions. RESULTS: Analyses were based on a sample of 3974 older adults (aged ≥60 years). Only 12.2% of older adults had depression. Age was positively associated with the odds of depression. Better educated older adults were less likely to experience depression than less educated older adults. Physical activity fully mediated the association between depression and age, whereas it partially explained the depression-education relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Older age and low educational levels were risk factors for depression, and physical activity was identified as a mediator. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Older and less-educated older adults should be encouraged to participate in physical activity, and those at risk of depression should be given special attention.