Association of Duration and Grade of Hypertension with Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults

Hypertension is one of the risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. This study aimed to analyze the association of duration and grade of hypertension with cognitive impairment in older adults at UPTD Pelayanan Sosial Lanjut Usia Tresna Werdha Lampung Selatan. This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted in February 2026. A total of 48 older adults with hypertension were included using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through blood pressure measurement and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) assessment. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Spearman rank correlation test. The results showed that most participants were aged 60–69 years (54.2%), were female (77.1%), had had hypertension for 5–10 years (47.9%), had grade 2 hypertension (66.7%), and had mild cognitive impairment (43.8%). There was a significant association between the duration of hypertension and cognitive impairment (p = 0.007; r = 0.382). There was also a significant association between the grade of hypertension and cognitive impairment (p = 0.005; r = 0.402). Thus, there is an association of duration and grade of hypertension with cognitive impairment in older adults. Routine blood pressure monitoring and ongoing cognitive stimulation programs may be considered to help maintain cognitive function in older adults in institutional settings.