Euoniticellus intermedius

1. Ivermectin has no effect on immunosenescence in E. intermedius.

   “ivermectin effects on these immune mechanisms were constant across ages, revealing no immunosenescence caused by ivermectin.”

   Model organisms

   Immunosuppression and senescence in dung beetles exposed to ivermectin

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·17 Sep 2025Preprint

2. Ivermectin has no effect on prophenoloxidase activity in E. intermedius.

   “female proPO was not affected by ivermectin or age.”

   Model organismsfemales

   Immunosuppression and senescence in dung beetles exposed to ivermectin

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·17 Sep 2025Preprint

3. Ivermectin decreases phenoloxidase and prophenoloxidase activity in E. intermedius.

   “Whereas males suffered a reduction in PO and proPO with ivermectin and age, female proPO was not affected by ivermectin or age.”

   Model organismsmales

   Immunosuppression and senescence in dung beetles exposed to ivermectin

   bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)·17 Sep 2025Preprint

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