Theobromine

1. Theobromine decreases oxidative stress and ROS signalling in mice.

   “reduced lipid peroxidation, and increased the levels of antioxidant markers (HO-1, GSH).”

   AnimalsSAMP8 mice0.05% in diet50 d

   Chronic theobromine administration attenuates short-term memory decline via neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8)

   The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·31 Dec 2025

More on Oxidative stress and ROS signalling

1. Theobromine inhibits inflammation in mice.

   “Furthermore, TB lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α) and phosphorylated NF-κB”

   AnimalsSAMP8 mice0.05% in diet50 d

   Chronic theobromine administration attenuates short-term memory decline via neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8)

   The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·31 Dec 2025

More on Inflammation

1. Theobromine activates BDNF signalling in mice.

   “This was accompanied by increased BDNF, NT-3, PSD95, and synaptophysin levels and enhanced CREB and TrkB phosphorylation.”

   AnimalsSAMP8 miceprefrontal cortex and hippocampus0.05% in diet50 d

   Chronic theobromine administration attenuates short-term memory decline via neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8)

   The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·31 Dec 2025

More on BDNF signalling

1. Theobromine improves short-term memory in mice.

   “TB improved short-term memory in SAMP8, increasing discrimination index in the NOR test.”

   AnimalsSAMP8 mice0.05% in diet50 d

   Chronic theobromine administration attenuates short-term memory decline via neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8)

   The Journal of nutritional biochemistry·31 Dec 2025

1. Theobromine is associated with DNAmTL in humans.

   “both signals replicated in 1,160 individuals from the KORA cohort (p = 7.2e-08 and p = 0.007, respectively).”

   Humansn = 1,160

   Theobromine is associated with slower epigenetic ageing

   Aging·10 Dec 2025

More on DNAmTL

1. Theobromine is associated with GrimAge in humans.

   “Serum theobromine levels were significantly associated with reduced epigenetic age acceleration, as measured by GrimAge (p < 2e-7) and DNAmTL (p < 0.001) in 509 individuals from the TwinsUK cohort, and both signals replicated in 1,160 individuals from the KORA cohort (p = 7.2e-08 and p = 0.007, respectively).”

   Humansn = 1,160

   Theobromine is associated with slower epigenetic ageing

   Aging·10 Dec 2025

More on GrimAge