(r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate
Intervention1 paper5 findingsPubChem 44631890
In one mouse study, (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate raises beta-hydroxybutyrate and lowers glucose, reduces body fat in males, and reduces hippocampal IL-1β and Barnes maze primary errors in females.
- Animals1
Outcomes
5IL-1β
downin mice1Very low certainty
1 study
IL-1β
downin mice1Very low certainty
(r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate decreases IL-1β in mice.
Animalshippocampusfemales
Ketone ester supplementation in aged mice produces sex-specific cognitive and metabolic effects · GeroScience · 23 Sep 2026
Barnes maze primary errors
downin mice1Very low certainty
1 study
Barnes maze primary errors
downin mice1Very low certainty
(r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate decreases barnes maze primary errors in mice.
Animalsfemales
Ketone ester supplementation in aged mice produces sex-specific cognitive and metabolic effects · GeroScience · 23 Sep 2026
Body fat
downin mice1Very low certainty
1 study
Body fat
downin mice1Very low certainty
(r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate decreases body fat in mice.
Animalsmales
Ketone ester supplementation in aged mice produces sex-specific cognitive and metabolic effects · GeroScience · 23 Sep 2026
Glucose
downin mice1Very low certainty
1 study
Glucose
downin mice1Very low certainty
(r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate decreases glucose in mice.
Animals
Ketone ester supplementation in aged mice produces sex-specific cognitive and metabolic effects · GeroScience · 23 Sep 2026
Beta-hydroxybutyrate
upin mice1Very low certainty
1 study
Beta-hydroxybutyrate
upin mice1Very low certainty
(r)-3-hydroxybutyl (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate increases beta-hydroxybutyrate in mice.
Animals
Ketone ester supplementation in aged mice produces sex-specific cognitive and metabolic effects · GeroScience · 23 Sep 2026