Dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes

1 paper2 findings

C, W, M, H: cells, worms or flies, mice, humans. Dark: independent labs found the same change there. Light: one lab or one study. Outline: nothing yet.

Labs are independent when their papers share no last author and no institution.

Against: findings that point the other way from most findings on the same outcome.

On aging: the drug’s trials ARN judged to be about aging, of every trial that tests it for any use.

No results posted: trials that ended more than a year ago with no results on ClinicalTrials.gov and no paper in ARN’s record.

Company ties: findings with an author at a company, or from a paper whose competing-interests statement declares ties to one.

1 lab in 1 country

Associations

Mortality

upin humans1

1 study

Dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes raise the risk of mortality in humans (aHR 2.44, 95% CI 1.90-3.13).
“One prospective cohort study reported increased all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.90-3.13).”
Reviewin one prospective cohort study
Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi10 Aug 2026

Stroke

upin humans1

1 study

Dual use of electronic and combustible cigarettes raise the risk of stroke in humans (aOR 1.90, 95% CI 1.50-2.40).
“dual use was associated with higher odds of stroke compared with never smoking (adjusted odds ratio, 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.50-2.40)”
Reviewcompared with never smoking
Dual Use of Electronic and Combustible Cigarettes and Stroke Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi10 Aug 2026

Latest

1 in 12 months

Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health28 Aug