PAX4

1. PAX4 induces mature insulin (ectopic expression in vivo).

   “these gut-derived cells express key β-cell markers, components of the glucose-sensing machinery, and properly process proinsulin into mature insulin”

   Animalsectopic expression in vivogastrointestinal epithelium

   Harnessing Gut Endocrine Cell Plasticity to Restore Insulin Production

   Cells·Mar 19, 2026

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1. PAX4 induces glucose-responsive insulin secretion in cells (organoids derived from Pax4-expressing gut epithelium).

   “Functional studies using organoids derived from Pax4-expressing gut epithelium further demonstrate that these cells display glucose-responsive insulin secretion.”

   Cellsorganoids derived from Pax4-expressing gut epitheliumgastrointestinal epithelium

   Harnessing Gut Endocrine Cell Plasticity to Restore Insulin Production

   Cells·Mar 19, 2026

1. PAX4 induces insulin-producing cells (ectopic expression in vivo).

   “We demonstrate that ectopic expression of Pax4 is sufficient to convert gut endocrine L-cells into insulin+ cells in vivo.”

   Animalsectopic expression in vivogastrointestinal epithelium

   Harnessing Gut Endocrine Cell Plasticity to Restore Insulin Production

   Cells·Mar 19, 2026

1. MIR1271 increases PAX4 (Through down-regulation of ALK and RYK; experimental system not specified).

   “Down-regulation of both ALK and RYK through miR-1271, elevates the PAX4 level by reducing its suppressor ARX via Wnt/β-Catenin signaling.”

   ReviewThrough down-regulation of ALK and RYK; experimental system not specified

   A nexus of miR-1271, PAX4 and ALK/RYK influences the cytoskeletal architectures in Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes

   The Biochemical journal·Aug 20, 2021

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