Persistent post-traumatic headache

1. Persistent post-traumatic headache is associated with brain age gap in humans (4.65±1.41 years versus 0.46±0.87 years in healthy controls).

   “The HC group showed the smallest predicted Δage (0.46±0.87 years), followed by the APTH (1.25±0.87 years), migraine (3.74±1.03 years), and PPTH (4.65±1.41 years).”

   HumansPersistent post-traumatic headache compared with healthy controlsbrainbaseline34.7% femalesn = 49

   Advanced Brain Ageing Associated with Migraine and Post-Traumatic Headache: A Deep Learning Study

   Neurology open access·8 Sep 2026

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