Late age-related macular degeneration

1. Adiposity has no effect on late age-related macular degeneration in humans.

   “but no associations were observed for late AMD.”

   Humansfemales

   Abdominal obesity and age-related macular degeneration

   American journal of epidemiology·21 Mar 2011

1. Smoking is associated with late age-related macular degeneration in humans (OR 4.1).

   “smoking and family history of ARMD (odds ratios, 4.1 and 4.2, for late ARMD, respectively)”

   HumansAdjusted for age, sex, and possible confoundersn = 3,654

   Plasma fibrinogen levels, other cardiovascular risk factors, and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

   Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·1 May 1998

2. Smoking is associated with late age-related macular degeneration in humans (OR 3.92).

   “Current tobacco smoking was significantly associated with late AMD (odds ratio [OR], 3.92)”

   Humanscurrent smokingretinan = 3,654

   Smoking and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study

   Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·1 Dec 1996

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1. Waist-hip ratio is associated with late age-related macular degeneration in humans (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.11–2.76 per 0.1 increase).

   “a 75% increase in the odds of late AMD (odds ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 2.76; P = 0.02)”

   HumansEach 0.1 increase in waist/hip ratiomales

   Abdominal obesity and age-related macular degeneration

   American journal of epidemiology·21 Mar 2011

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1. Late age-related macular degeneration is associated with mortality in humans (10-year cumulative mortality 23.5% versus 8.9%; P = 0.088).

   “individuals with late AMD were more likely to die (10-year cumulative mortality rate, 23.5%) than those without late AMD (mortality rate, 8.9%; P = 0.088, Fisher exact test).”

   HumansLate AMD compared with no late AMD; difference not statistically significant10 yearsn = 12,536

   Age-related macular degeneration and risk of coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

   Ophthalmology·1 Jan 2007

1. Late age-related macular degeneration is associated with incident coronary heart disease in humans (10-year cumulative incidence 30.9% versus 10.0%).

   “individuals with late AMD were significantly more likely to have an incident CHD event”

   Humans15 participants with late AMD compared with 11 399 without late AMD10 yearsn = 11,414

   Age-related macular degeneration and risk of coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

   Ophthalmology·1 Jan 2007

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1. Fibrinogen is associated with late age-related macular degeneration in humans (OR 6.7, highest versus lowest quartile).

   “6.7 for a fibrinogen level of >4.5 g/L [highest quartile] compared with a fibrinogen level of <3.4 g/L [lowest quartile] for late ARMD”

   HumansPlasma fibrinogen >4.5 g/L versus <3.4 g/L; adjusted for age, sex, and possible confoundersn = 3,654

   Plasma fibrinogen levels, other cardiovascular risk factors, and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

   Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·1 May 1998

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1. Family history of age-related macular degeneration is associated with late age-related macular degeneration in humans (OR 4.2).

   “smoking and family history of ARMD (odds ratios, 4.1 and 4.2, for late ARMD, respectively)”

   HumansAdjusted for age, sex, and possible confoundersn = 3,654

   Plasma fibrinogen levels, other cardiovascular risk factors, and age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

   Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·1 May 1998

1. Passive smoking is associated with late age-related macular degeneration in humans.

   “Passive smoking was associated with increased but insignificant odds for late AMD.”

   Humansretinan = 3,654

   Smoking and age-related maculopathy. The Blue Mountains Eye Study

   Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)·1 Dec 1996

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