Major ECG abnormality

1. Major ECG abnormality predicts mortality in humans (childhood cancer survivors) (hazard ratio 4.0 95% CI 2.1-7.8).

   “Major abnormalities were predictive of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 4.0 95% CI 2.1-7.8).”

   Humanschildhood cancer survivorsn = 2,715

   Electrocardiographic abnormalities and mortality in aging survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

   American heart journal·Apr 4, 2017

2. Major ECG abnormality predicts mortality in older people infected with T. cruzi (HR 1.80, 95% CI 1.41–2.32).

   “Infected persons with a major ECG abnormality were at increased risk of 15-year mortality relative to their counterparts with no such abnormalities (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.80; 95% 1.41, 2.32).”

   Humansin older people infected with T. cruzin = 1,341

   Genomic African and Native American Ancestry and Chagas Disease: The Bambui (Brazil) Epigen Cohort Study of Aging

   PLoS neglected tropical diseases·May 16, 2016

1. Major ECG abnormality is linked with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease in humans (adjusted, overall cohort without baseline CVD) (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.36-1.72).

   “and 1.53 (1.36-1.72) for any major ECG abnormality.”

   Humansadjusted, overall cohort without baseline CVDn = 19,173

   ECG abnormalities are strongly associated with CVD outcomes in low-risk individuals using the PREVENT risk equation

   medRxiv·Mar 31, 2026Preprint

More on Cardiovascular disease

1. Racial discrimination is linked with a higher risk of major ECG abnormality in humans among Black women (HR 1.37 (95% CI, 1.04-1.82)).

   “Furthermore, lifetime exposure to racial discrimination was associated with a higher incidence of MEA among both Black women (hazard ratio, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.04-1.82])”

   Humansamong Black women8 years follow-upfemalesn = 11,761

   Association Between Life-Course Social and Racial Inequities and the Incidence of Major ECG Abnormalities in the ELSA-Brasil Cohort

   Circulation. Population health and outcomes·Feb 16, 2026

More on Racial discrimination

1. Black race is associated with major ECG abnormality in humans (Black women versus White women) (+35% (95% CI, 1.13-1.61)).

   “MEA incidence was 35% higher (95% CI, 1.13-1.61) among Black women (versus White women).”

   HumansBlack women versus White women8 years follow-upfemalesn = 11,761

   Association Between Life-Course Social and Racial Inequities and the Incidence of Major ECG Abnormalities in the ELSA-Brasil Cohort

   Circulation. Population health and outcomes·Feb 16, 2026

1. Low socioeconomic status is linked with a higher risk of major ECG abnormality in humans (only among women (versus high socioeconomic position)) (+48% (95% CI, 1.17-1.87)).

   “Low childhood socioeconomic position (versus high socioeconomic position) was associated with a 48% higher incidence of MEA (95% CI, 1.17-1.87), only among women.”

   Humansonly among women (versus high socioeconomic position)8 years follow-upfemalesn = 11,761

   Association Between Life-Course Social and Racial Inequities and the Incidence of Major ECG Abnormalities in the ELSA-Brasil Cohort

   Circulation. Population health and outcomes·Feb 16, 2026

More on Low socioeconomic status

1. Cardiac-directed radiation is associated with major ECG abnormality in humans (childhood cancer survivors) (OR 2.1 to 10.5).

   “cardiac radiation (OR 2.1 95% CI 1.5-2.9 [1-1,999 cGy], 2.6 95% CI 1.6-3.9 [2,000-2,999 cGy], 10.5 95% CI 6.5-16.9 [≥3,000 cGy]) were associated with major abnormalities.”

   Humanschildhood cancer survivorsn = 2,715

   Electrocardiographic abnormalities and mortality in aging survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

   American heart journal·Apr 4, 2017

More on Cardiac-directed radiation

1. Anthracyclines are associated with major ECG abnormality in humans (childhood cancer survivors) (OR 1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5).

   “Anthracyclines ≥300 mg/m2 (OR 1.7 95% CI 1.1-2.5) and cardiac radiation (OR 2.1 95% CI 1.5-2.9 [1-1,999 cGy], 2.6 95% CI 1.6-3.9 [2,000-2,999 cGy], 10.5 95% CI 6.5-16.9 [≥3,000 cGy]) were associated with major abnormalities.”

   Humanschildhood cancer survivors≥300 mg/m2n = 2,715

   Electrocardiographic abnormalities and mortality in aging survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study

   American heart journal·Apr 4, 2017

More on Anthracyclines