DNAm packyears

1. DNAm packyears raise the risk of lung cancer in humans (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.58–3.14).

   “DNA methylation-predicted packyears emerged as an independent predictor of lung cancer risk (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.58-3.14).”

   Humansadjusting for PCGrimAge components and the PLCOm2012 scoreblood

   DNA methylation-based clocks, tobacco smoking, and lung cancer risk

   BMC medicine·17 Dec 2025

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