Combined detection of sPD-1, IL-6, and sCD28

Combined detection of sPD-1, IL-6, and sCD28 predicts immunosenescence in humans (AUC 0.82, 95% CI 0.76-0.90).

“Combined detection of sPD-1, IL-6, and sCD28 improved diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.82 (95%CI: 0.76-0.90)”

Humanshealthy individualsserumn = 131

Age-related changes in circulating immune factors reveal biomarkers of immunosenescence

Frontiers in medicine·22 Jan 2026