Backward wave pressure

1. Exercise decreases backward wave pressure in humans (pre-hypertensive or hypertensive) (19 ± 4 vs 13 ± 3 mm Hg, p < 0.0001).

   “decreases in post-exercise (baseline versus post-exercise) Pb (19 ± 4 vs 13 ± 3 mm Hg p < 0.0001)”

   Human trialpre-hypertensive or hypertensive15-min post-exercisen = 20

   Post-exercise effects on aortic wave reflection derived from wave separation analysis in young- to middle-aged pre-hypertensives and hypertensives

   European journal of applied physiology·May 12, 2016

More on Exercise

1. Backward wave pressure is linked with central pulse pressure in humans (community sample).

   “Age-dependent HR-PPc and Pf relations were both accounted for by enhanced Pb (P<0.0001)”

   Humanscommunity samplearterial systemn = 824

   Increased Backward Wave Pressures Rather than Flow Explain Age-Dependent Heart Rate Effects on Central, But not Peripheral Arterial Pressure

   Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·Dec 2, 2021

More on Central pulse pressure

1. Backward wave pressure is linked with a higher risk of carotid intima-media thickness in humans (OR = 1.233, p = 0.0003).

   “Increased carotid IMT was related to Pb in young (odds ratio [OR] = 1.233, p = 0.0003)”

   Humansn = 181

   Hemodynamic factors primarily impact on carotid IMT in young adults of African Ancestry in Sub-Saharan Africa

   Journal of human hypertension·Feb 7, 2026

More on Carotid intima-media thickness

1. Backward wave pressure is associated with Left ventricular filling pressures in humans (adjusted for systemic vascular resistance).

   “Pb, but not systemic vascular resistance was independently associated with LV mass index (P<0.002), E/e' (P<0.002), and e' (P<0.05).”

   Humansadjusted for systemic vascular resistancen = 605

   Hemodynamic Determinants of Age Versus Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Relations Across the Full Adult Age Range

   Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·Apr 6, 2020

More on Left ventricular filling pressures

1. Backward wave pressure is associated with left ventricular mass index in humans (adjusted for systemic vascular resistance).

   “Pb, but not systemic vascular resistance was independently associated with LV mass index (P<0.002), E/e' (P<0.002), and e' (P<0.05).”

   Humansadjusted for systemic vascular resistancen = 605

   Hemodynamic Determinants of Age Versus Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Relations Across the Full Adult Age Range

   Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·Apr 6, 2020