Augmentation index

1. Electronic cigarettes increase augmentation index in humans (SMD=1.05 [95% CI: 0.34-1.76, p=0.008]).

   Reviewnicotine-containing products exposuren = 190

   Acute Effects of Electronic Cigarettes and Heated Tobacco Products on Vascular Stiffness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis · Current cardiology reviews · 25 Aug 2026

Electronic cigarettes →

1. Obesity increases augmentation index in humans.

   Humansin young adults aged 18-25 yearsn = 132

   Impact of obesity on arterial health among young adults: A bioelectrical impedance study · Bioinformation · 31 May 2026

1. Augmentation index is associated with 10-year ASCVD risk in humans (r = 0.236).

   Humansleft ventricular ejection fraction >55%n = 3,354

   Functional Markers of Vascular Aging: Subendocardial Viability Ratio, Augmentation Pressure, and Augmentation Index as Links to Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk · Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 1 Sep 2026

10-year ASCVD risk →

1. Fasting blood glucose is associated with augmentation index in humans (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.87-0.94).

   Humansadjusted for several clinical characteristicsn = 6,617

   Glycemia, Insulin Sensitivity Markers and Arterial Stiffness: The Framingham Heart Study · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 26 Aug 2026

Fasting blood glucose →

1. HbA1c is associated with augmentation index in humans (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95).

   Humansadjusted for several clinical characteristicsn = 6,617

   Glycemia, Insulin Sensitivity Markers and Arterial Stiffness: The Framingham Heart Study · Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 26 Aug 2026

HbA1c →