Effect of community-based model interventions on ICOPE intrinsic capacity domains: a systematic review

Background Healthy ageing is defined as the maintenance of functional capacity through the interaction of intrinsic factors and the environment, focused on well-being. The ICOPE strategy evaluates domains such as vitality, mobility, and mental health to implement community-based interventions that prevent functional decline. Objective To present a synthesis of knowledge regarding the effect of community-based model interventions on ICOPE intrinsic capacity domains through a systematic review. Methods Systematic review following the PRISMA 2020 methodology in multiple scientific databases until August 5th, 2026. We selected studies on effect of multidimensional community-based models on healthy aging within the framework of ICOPE domains in community interventions in adults over 60 years of age. The eligibility criteria were older adults; community intervention; inclusion of assessments for two or more intrinsic capacity indicators; assessment of at least two ICOPE domains; participants must not suffer from chronic illnesses that limit their mobility or be extremely frail. The information sources were PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Redalyc, Google Scholar, and TESIUNAM. Their methodological quality was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The data analysis is presented with the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the percentage changes (∆%). Results Six studies were included, the analysis of the evidence shows that community models aligned with the ICOPE guide showed improvement mainly in mobility, followed by depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and less frequently social participation. Concusions Our findings suggest that community-based models for healthy aging primarily focus on improving mobility, followed by addressing depressive symptoms and cognitive function, with the least impact on social participation.