Single-operator learning curve analysis of transvaginal fractional CO₂ laser treatment for female stress urinary incontinence: a subgroup study based on vaginal mucosal stratification

Abstract

Purpose: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a prevalent condition that significantly impairs quality of life, and transvaginal fractional CO₂ laser has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment; however, its learning curve remains poorly characterized.

The paper