Astragalus polysaccharide antagonized anti PD-1 efficacy in melanoma through inhibiting JAK-STAT1/CIITA and TLR/NF-κB signaling

Abstract

Objective Advanced melanoma remains a major clinical challenge due to resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs, e.g., anti PD-1). Astragalus Polysaccharide (APS) is a clinically approved immunomodulator for cancer treatment. However, its interaction with anti PD-1 remains largely unknown.

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