The Effect of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Total Joint Arthroplasty: Implications, Complications, and Considerations

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are used in diabetic patients for glycemic control. Yet, there has been a notable rise in their use for weight loss management in obese patients. This review critically appraises current evidence on perioperative implications of GLP-1 receptor agonists in TJA patients. The review discusses GLP-1 RA implications and use (physiology, pharmacology, pharmacodynamics, mechanisms of actions, and commonly used GLP-1 Ras), complications and adverse effects, considerations for the anesthesiologist, considerations for the TJA surgeon, and current clinical practice recommendations in 2025.