Acute coronary syndromes across the lifespan of women

Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in women differ from those in men, with age-specific variations in etiology, presentation, and outcomes. Women face distinct risk factors, from autoimmune conditions to pregnancy-associated complications, to microvascular dysfunction. Missed and delayed diagnosis and treatment, and underrepresentation in clinical research compound these risks. This review outlines the evolving mechanisms of ACS in women and calls for tailored, evidence-based strategies to improve diagnosis, prevention, and care.