Sleep quality types and influencing factors of frail elderly in long-term care facilities: A latent profile analysis

This study aims to investigate distinct categories of sleep quality among frail elderly residents in long-term care facilities using latent profile analysis and to analyze the factors influencing these categories. A convenience sample of 309 frail elderly individuals from three long-term care facilities in Xinjiang was surveyed between November 2023 and January 2024. Data were collected utilizing a general information questionnaire and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Latent class analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3 to identify subgroups. Three categories of sleep quality were identified: Good Sleepers (n = 125), Sleep Disturbance (n = 135), and Hypnotic Medication Users (n = 49). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that chronic pain, the number of medications taken, and current smoking status significantly influenced sleep quality (P < 0.05). There is significant heterogeneity in sleep quality among frail elderly residents in care facilities. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the distinct characteristics of sleep quality in these subgroups and prioritize interventions for those with chronic pain, polypharmacy, and current smoking habits to improve their sleep quality.