From aging biomarkers to intervention strategies: recent advances and challenges in geroscience clinical trials

Although global life expectancy is increasing, the extension of healthy life expectancy has not kept pace, leading to an escalating clinical burden of age-related diseases and disability.By targeting the biological mechanisms of aging, geroscience has emerged as a core strategy to delay frailty, maintain intrinsic capacity, and prolong healthy life expectancy.Based on the latest 2025 consensus report by the Intrinsic Capacity on Frailty and Sarcopenia Research (ICFSR) task force, this review elucidated research progress in four frontier areas: clinical validation and application of aging biomarkers, targeted therapies for cellular senescence, metabolic interventions for healthy aging, and innovative non-pharmacological strategies.Building upon this foundation, this review analyzes the main barriers restricting the clinical translation of these strategies.Finally, it distills the seven action recommendations proposed by the ICFSR working group, aiming to provide a reference for basic research, clinical translation, and precision interventions in geroscience.