Bone Health in Triathletes: Skeletal Loading, Low Energy Availability, and Bone Stress Injury—A Critical Narrative Review

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Triathlon combines low-impact swimming and cycling with repetitive running and high energy demand. We evaluated triathlon-specific evidence on skeletal adaptation, low energy availability (LEA), Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), and bone stress injury (BSI).

The paper